Different Interpretation不同的视角(上）

Different Interpretation不同的视角(上）

1.BREED AND INTERPRETATION DIFFERENCES犬种以及阐述差异
I began to reflect on the differences in breeds from one country to another, after reading Geir Flyckt-Pedersen’s recent comments on whether breed standards are the Bible for breeders, exhibitors and judges alike – most of which I completely agree with. He talks about the variation in type that can be seen from one country to another and the varying interpretations made, sometimes of virtually the same words in a breed standard. I very much agree with him on that too.
GeirFlyckt-Pedersen近期评论说犬种标准对于繁育人，指导手以及审查员来说是否意味着一切。我开始思考不同国家的品种差异，因此我几乎完全同意他的这番评论。他谈到：不同国家的犬种具有多样性，品种多样，各类犬类阐述多样，一些术语也适用于同一个犬种标准。对此，我与他的看法不谋而合。
Take for example the Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier. The American breed standard, the FCI (Irish) breed standard, and the UK version all say roughly the same thing about coat and presentation. However, the variation seen, even in the same ring in some countries, is beyond belief.
以爱尔兰软毛麦色?为例。美国犬种标准，FCI，以及英国犬种标准中，对于被毛以及外观的描述基本一致。但是，在不同的国家，即使是处于同一个赛圈的同一个犬种，我们也能看到差异。

The AKC standard says, amongst other things, that the coat texture should be ‘soft and silky with a gentle wave’ and that a major fault is for it to be ‘woolly or harsh, crisp or cottony, frizzy, kinky or standaway’. It adds that the coat must never be ‘clipped or plucked’, that ‘sharp contrasts or stylizations must be avoided’; and that ‘dogs that are overly trimmed shall be severely penalized.’ The FCI standard which follows Ireland’s ‘country of origin’ version says: “A single coated dog. Texture soft and silky to feel, and not harsh” but with normal Irish flexibility it does now allow for dogs to be trimmed or untrimmed. Of the trimmed version it says that the coat should be trimmed to follow the outline of the dog but not sculpted.” And for untrimmed dogs, it says: “Under no circumstances should the coat be ‘fluffed out’ like a Poodle or an Old English Sheepdog. Dogs shown in this condition should be heavily penalized as they give a wrong impression of type and breed’.
AKC标准中，单说被毛，其特征应是质地柔软，呈丝质且带有柔和的波浪状，具有缺陷的是被毛呈羊毛状或质地粗糙，卷曲或蓬松。并且，被毛禁止被夹紧或拔出，为形成鲜明的对比或一味追求风格而过度修剪的犬只严重违反赛制，将受到处罚。FCI标准中，单层被毛的犬只，质感柔软光滑，没有尖锐感。而爱尔兰犬种标准相对灵活，允许犬只修剪或者不修剪亦可。修剪被毛，应符合犬只的整体外形，但不过分雕琢。未经修剪的犬只，被毛在任何情况下都不应该像贵宾或古代英国牧羊犬的被毛一样蓬松，否则，将被视为严重缺陷，因为这不符合犬种标准。

TKC’s standard also says that the coat should be ‘Soft and silky. Neither woolly nor wiry. Loosely waved or curly’ and goes on to stress that while ‘over-trimming or styli sing should be penalized for show purposes the coat may be tidied to present a neat outline.”
TKC犬种标准同样认为被毛应质地柔软，既不呈羊毛状，也不无粗糙。松散或卷曲被毛不符合标准，同时还强调禁止为了犬展过分修剪，被毛应符合外观修剪。
So all three standards say roughly the same thing but, stand at the ringside in various countries and you’ll see very different coats and presentations.
Irish types are. by and large, much less heavily coated with a more silky texture while at the other extreme some dogs are presented almost like a Kerry Blue and have what I’d call a woolly coat if ever I saw one. That maybe because of the FCI (Irish) concession that dogs can be trimmed or untrimmed, or it may be because ideas on what the words soft and silky’ mean are very different in different parts of the world.
尽管三个国家的犬种标准阐述几乎一样，但在不同国家的赛环边，你会看到不同的被毛，不同的轮廓。爱尔兰软毛麦色梗的被毛，总体来说，与凯利蓝梗犬等被毛一样质地柔软，但涂层稍显单薄。在我看来，这样的被毛类似羊毛外套。或许因为FCI放宽要求允许犬只可以进行修剪，也可能是因为世界上不同的国家对于柔软，质地等词的定义不同%5毛猎狐梗的审查朋友却没法赞同我的观点。

As an aside, there may of course be another reason why I wasn’t so sure about Cairn Terriers with very gaily carried tails. That was because, a number of years ago when I judged Cairns at Crufts, I gave best dog to an exhibit with rather a gay tail. After I had completed the judging an old friend of mine who had for many years been Secretary of the Cairn Terrier Club, came rushing up to me. He said: “you are a very lucky man. That Cairn that you made best dog today has been sold to France and it will never be seen here in the UK ever again!” Maybe that lesson has lived on in my psyche.
除此之外，我无法确定凯安梗是否一直欢快的举着尾巴也有另外一个原因。那是因为，在几年前，当我在克鲁夫特比赛中审查凯安梗时，我将BIS给了一只凯恩梗犬，该犬只的尾巴没有一直举得很高。完成执裁后，我一个朋友，曾在凯恩犬俱乐部从事秘书工作多年，跑向我说道，“你真太幸运了！你刚刚审查的那只BIS凯恩犬已经被出售到法国，不会出现在英国了。”或许这一幕一直在我心中闪现。

But, by and large, I do agree that the interpretation of breed standards does vary according to the background of the judge concerned. No matter how hard you try not to be biased in one direction or another that is not always something easy to do.
但总的来说，我同意对犬种标准的阐述因审查所处环境的不同而不同。不管你有关法官的背景而有所不同。 不管你多么努力的避免，人往往很容易在一个方向上钻牛角尖。

转自美国DOG NEWS MAGAZINE, 此篇文章由Ronnie Irving编撰， 中文由犬界网编译。